
These are the green valleys of the north whose waters feed the Bay of Biscay and which almost drop to sea level in the far north. The relief is rugged, with deep valleys and fast rivers.
The landscape is dominated by valley countryside, flat-leaf woodland (oak and beech) on the hillsides and pastures further up.The birds which inhabit this region are markedly Eurosiberian.
The north-easternmost area of Navarra is home to the westernmost part of the Pyrenees. The relief is highly irregular, the valleys are deep and the area includes mountains which range from 1,000 to almost 2,500 metres.
The valleys and mountains are covered with extensive, flat-leaf and conifer woodland, while the summits accommodate generous Alpine fields and rocky outcrops. The most characteristic birds found in the area are woodland and mountain species.
The Pre-Pyrenees are the southern foothills of the Pyrenees mountains. They have a marked Mediterranean influence, somewhat mitigated by the altitude and rugged relief of the area. The region has numerous rocky canyons cut by mountain rivers.
There is still a good deal of woodland, mostly conifers and, towards the south of the region, Kermes and Holm oak. Birds of prey and rock species stand out in the region's rich birdlife.
Region with large, mountain "sierras", such as Aralar, Urbasa-Andia and Lokiz, deep, but relatively open valleys and rugged terrain. The flat-leaf woodland vegetation still reflects a notable Mediterranean influence, but is combined with more Mediterranean vegetation, the further south you go. Mountain pastures, wheatfields and wider rivers also mark the landscape.
The birdlife is very varied with woodland and open-land birds, and numerous birds of prey.
An area of transition between the mountains and the banks of the River Ebro. Although tamer than more northern regions, there are still good crags. The landscape has to a large extent been transformed by crops, but good examples of original woodland still survive: Holm, Kermes and Gall oak. Areas with more Mediterranean countryside, combining dry crops and thickets, should also be highlighted for the wide range of birdlife found.
A good area for birds of prey and Mediterranean species.
This is the southernmost part of the community; a vast plain scarred by large rivers, such as the Arga, the Aragón and the Ebro. Steppes and dry, irrigation and market-garden crops occupy the greater part of the territory. Riverbank copses on the banks of the area?s watercourses and a few Mediterranean woods which bear witness to the past also deserve special mention.
The most characteristic birds in the region are Steppe and Mediterranean species.